Portrait of Timothy Eaton circa Dec 1902. He became arguably the single most known name in Canada for decades.

Portrait of Timothy Eaton circa Dec 1902. He became arguably the single most known name in Canada for several decades, and changed retailing in Canada.
Photo Credit: City of Montreal Archives-wiki commons

Canada History: Jan 31,1907: Passing of Canada’s legendary retailer

There was a time when the name Timothy Eaton or that of his store, Eaton’s, was probably the single most recognized name in Canada.

Sure most adults would know the name of the Prime Minister of the day, and later, movie stars would be widely known, but everyone in Canada from children on up would know about Eaton’s and its founder.

Timothy Eaton passed away on this day, January 31, 1907 at age 72.

But by that time the retail empire he had created has already reached into most homes across the country, and would continue to grow after his passing.

Timothy Eaton had introduced some then still revolutionary ideas in retail: one price, no haggling, prices indicated on the items, cash, no credit, and a something almost unheard of anywhere, a guarantee on products sold, which later became the store slogan, “goods satisfactory or money refunded”.

T Eaton first mail order catalogue 1884 showing the store on Yonge Str. Toronto
T Eaton first mail order catalogue 1884 showing the store on Yonge Str. Toronto © wiki commons

Timothy Eaton was born in County Antrim, Northern Ireland  emigrating to Canada at age 20.

He initially operated  a bakery with his brothers in a small southwestern Ontario town.  When that didn’t work out so well, he opened a dry goods store. That went better and he sold that and moved to Toronto where he bought an existing dry goods store on Yonge Street in 1869.

It was there he introduced his revolutionary ideas. Other merchants thought the ideas of no credit cash sales, fixed prices and guarantee would mean he would soon fail.

The opposite occurred.

The Eaton’s store, the Eaton’s Annex, mail order facilities and factories in Toronto, at Yonge and Queen Streets, in 1920. Note *City Hall* at left (now old city hall) Yonge Str runs north at right. Note streetcars (tram) on Yonge and Queen Str.
The Eaton’s store, the Eaton’s Annex, mail order facilities and factories in Toronto, at Yonge and Queen Streets, in 1920. Note *City Hall* at left (now old city hall) Yonge Str runs north at right. Note streetcars (tram) on Yonge and Queen str. © wiki commons

In 1884, the T. Eaton Co introduced another new idea, a mail order catalogue.  This would allow Canadians in hundreds of small towns and semi remote rural areas access to any of the goods available to those in the big city.

A recent aerial view showing the Eaton Centre and higly built up downtown with towers overshadowing *old City Hall* at left.
A recent aerial view showing the Eaton Centre and higly built up downtown with towers overshadowing *old City Hall* at left. © Google street view

The arrival of the Eaton’s catalogue in homes across the country was always a big event.

Eventualy the catalogues would expand to offer just about anything imaginable, from farm inplements, to kitchen utensils, fishing gear, boats, toys, clothes, appliances, furniture and until 1931, even barns and houses from kits and in much later decades even long slender plastic “facial vibrators for women” 2 for $5.50 two batteries included. Yes you could order just about anything imaginable.  And another huge advantage, free delivery.

The T Eaton mail order catalogue was a wondrous thing, offering everything from tires, to toy trains, to fishing rods, to clothing,
The T Eaton mail order catalogue was a wondrous thing, offering everything from tires, to toy trains, to fishing rods, to clothing, © torontothenandnow.blogspot

Timothy Eaton also created one of Toronto’s great winter events by initiating the Santa Claus parade on December 02,  1904.

As the enterprise grew, Eaton’s also created its own manufacturing setup.

One of the Eaton house plans circa 1917. 34’ x 30’ Lumber, doors, windows, moutldings, lath etc=$1501.65, paint (ext only)-$48.70, nails=$52.95, building paper=$43;18, total=$1703.44 For complete plumbing kit, add $180. © lonestarfarm.ca

At its height around the Second World War, the T. Eaton Co. employed about 70,000 people in various stores and assorted operation, and 30,000 into the 1990’s.

Boys cowboy outfits from the Eaton’s Christmas Wish book catalogue of 1956 © Libarary and Archives Canada

But times change. Suburban stores and malls began to take business away from “Eaton’s” various downtown locations and some poor management decisions on how to position itself in the market didn’t help nor did an economic downturn in the 1980’s.

Due to lifestyle, marketing and shopping habits changes, the mail order business was fading. The spring and summer 1976 catalogue was the last one. © modmissy.com

In 1999 the chain filed for bankruptcy and was picked up by Sears. Eventually Sears retired the brand in 2002 and although Eaton’s major Toronto outlet had been renamed Sears, that closed inl 2013.  The location is now occupied by an American retailer, Nordstrom, although still popularly known as the Eaton Centre, it is not clear if that name will endure as time passes and the memory of the legendary retailer

in 1919 two bronze statues of Timothy Eaton were created, one each for the Toronto and Winnipeg stores. For years thousands of people would pass by the statues and touch the extended left toe *for luck* which resulted in a brilliant polishing of the toe. The Toronto statue is now in the Royal Ontario Museum © Keith Schengili-Roberts -wiki commons

Additional information –sources

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